目录Contents

引言Introduction / 1

上编 Part One

**讲 汉语语法的特点
The Distinguishing Features of Chinese Grammar 4
1.1 汉语语法的特点一 
  The first distinguishing feature of Chinese grammar / 4 
1.2 汉语语法的特点二 
  The second distinguishing feature of Chinese grammar / 6
1.3 汉语语法的特点三 
  The third distinguishing feature of Chinese grammar / 7 
1.4 句子结构与“的、地、得” Sentence structure and “, , ” / 9 

第二讲 时点词与时量词 Time Words 18
2.1 时点词Time-when words / 19
2.2 时量词 Time-duration words / 21 
2.3 几组时间词的用法 Usage of several groups of time words / 29 

第三讲 方位词与处所表达 
Nouns of Locality and Expressing Place 40
3.1 方位词 Nouns of locality / 42 
3.2 用不用方位词“”“”
Can nouns of locality “” or “” be used / 45 
3.3 “在、是、有”与存在句 “,,” and existential sentences / 49 
3.4 在……上、在……中、在…… / 50 

第四讲 离合词 Verb-Object Compounds 57
4.1 离合词引进宾语的办法 V-O compounds and their “objects” / 58 
4.2 离合词的用法 Usage of verb-object compounds / 61 

第五讲 结果补语 Resultative Complements 65
5.1 结果补语的形式 The form of resultative complements / 66 
5.2 结果补语的意义 The meaning of resultative complements / 69 
5.3 专用结果补语 Special resultative complements / 71 
5.4 结果补语的用法 Usage of resultative complements / 80 

第六讲 趋向补语 Directional Complements 86
6.1 趋向补语的类型 Types of directional complements / 88 
6.2 趋向补语的用法 Usage of directional complements / 91 

第七讲 可能补语 Potential Complements 103
7.1 可能补语的形式 The form of potential complements / 104 
7.2 专用可能补语 Special potential complements / 105 
7.3 可能补语与“ (不)能” 
  Potential complements and “ (不)能” / 108 

第八讲 状态补语 Predicative Complements 112
8.1 状态补语 VAP / 113 
8.2 状态补语 VVP / 118 
8.3 状态补语 A VP / 120 
8.4 状态补语的用法 Usage of predicative complements / 121 
8.5 状态补语与可能补语 
  Predicative complements and potential complements / 124 
8.6 补语总结 Summary of complements / 126 

第九讲  “”字句 把-Sentences 132
9.1 句子的信息安排与“”字句 
  The ordering of information and -sentences / 132 
9.2 关于“”字句的注意事项 
  Special considerations concerning -sentences / 136
9.3 几种主要的“”字句 
  Several primary types of -sentences / 137 

第十讲 被动句 Passive Sentences 153
10.1 “”字句 -sentences / 153 
10.2 主要的“”字句句型
   The primary sentence patterns of -sentences / 157 
10.3 其他的被动句 Other passive sentence patterns / 159 

第十一讲 定语 Attributives 165
11.1 领属关系NP中,名词性定语与“”
   Attributive noun and “” in relative nominal phrases / 166 
11.2 属性关系NP中,名词性定语与“” 
   Attributive noun and “”in NP of attribution relations / 167 
11.3 时间词、处所词、方位词与“” 
   Time words, place words, nouns of locality and “” / 168
11.4 形容词性定语与“” Adjectival attributives and “” / 169 
11.5 动词性定语与“” Verbal attributives and “” / 172
11.6 介词短语定语与“” 
   Prepositional phrase attributives and “” / 174
11.7 数量词定语与“”Numeral-classifier attributives and “” / 174
11.8 多项定语 Multiple attributives / 182 

第十二讲 状语 Adverbials 196
12.1 状语的类型 Types of adverbials / 196 
12.2 介词短语状语与“” 
   Prepositional phrase adverbials and “” / 198
12.3 形容词状语与“” Adjectival adverbials and “” / 199 
12.4 数量词状语与“” 
   Numeral-classifier adverbials and “” / 203 
12.5 副词状语与“” Adverb as adverbial and “” / 205
12.6 多项状语的顺序 Word order of multiple adverbials / 206 
12.7 状语与补语 Adverbials and complements / 209 


第十三讲 要 220
13.1 要 / 221
13.2 会 / 225
13.3 将 / 227
13.4 S + [未来时点词] + VP / 230 

第十四讲 在 正 呢 235
14.1 S ++ place + V +O / 236
14.2 S +正在+ V+ O / 237
14.3 S +一直在+ V+ O / 239
14.4 S +总在+ V+ O / 240
14.5 S +(正/一直/总)在+ V +O+ / 241

第十五讲 着 244
15.1 “”“” / 244
15.2 (正) V1着(O+ V2O / 247
15.3 “ (正)急着+ V”“ (正/在)忙着+ V” / 249 
15.4 S +(正)在+ place + V1着(O+ V2O 
S + V1+ place + V2O / 250
15.5 处所+ V+ O / 251
15.6 V1V1+ V2 / 254
15.7 V / 256
15.8“”“” / 257

第十六讲 了 265
16.1 ““的意义 
The meaning of “1”and“2” / 266
16.2“的意义和用法 The meaning and usage of “2” / 269
16.3“的意义和用法 The meaning and usage of “1” / 275
16.4 叙事语篇里的““1” 
“2” and “1”in narrative discourse / 277
16.5 “的注意事项 
Special considerations concerning “1” / 284 

第十七讲 过 来着 是……的 不 没 291
17.1 / 291
17.2 来着 / 295
17.3 …… / 296
17.4“”“” / 299

第十八讲 V起来 V下去 307
18.1 V起来 / 307
18.2 V下去 / 310

第十九讲 动词重叠 Verb Reduplications 317
19.1动词重叠的形式The form of verb reduplication / 317
19.2 动词重叠的意义 The meaning of reduplication verbs / 318
19.3 动词重叠的用法 Usage of reduplication verbs / 319

第二十讲 语气助词 Modal Particles 329
20.1 疑问句与“吗、呢、吧、啊” 
Interrogative sentences and “, , , ” / 330
20.2感叹句与“”Exclamatory sentences and “” / 338
20.3 祈使句与“吧、啊、嘛、呗”
Imperative sentences and “, , , ” / 342
20.4 陈述句与“呢、吧、啊、嘛、呗”
Declarative sentences and “, , , , ” / 347
20.5 语气助词用法总结 Summary of modal particle usage / 366

参考答案 Answer Key 374

主要参考文献 Main References 446

致谢 Acknowledgements 448